India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO: Bhārat Gaṇarājya),[25] is a country in South Asia. It has been the world's most populous country since 2023, with a current population of over 1.425 billion.[26][27] India is the seventh-largest countryby area, and is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast, it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;[j]China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the north; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lankaand the Maldives; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia.
Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya (see other regional names) | |
|---|---|
| Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) "Truth Alone Triumphs"[1] | |
| Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi)[a][2][3] "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"[4][2] | |
| National song: "Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit)[c] "I Bow to Thee, Mother"[b][1][2] | |
.svg) Territory controlled by India shown in dark green; territory claimed but not controlled shown in light green | |
| Capital | New Delhi 28°36′50″N 77°12′30″E |
| Largest city | |
| Official languages | |
| Recognised national languages | None[9][10][11] |
| Recognised regional languages |
|
| Native languages | 447 languages[g] |
| Religion (2011) |
|
| Demonym(s) | |
| Government | Federal parliamentaryconstitutional republic |
| • President | Droupadi Murmu |
| • Vice President | Jagdeep Dhankhar |
| • Prime Minister | Narendra Modi |
| • Chief Justice | Dhananjaya Y. Chandrachud |
| • Lok Sabha Speaker | Om Birla |
| Legislature | Parliament |
| Rajya Sabha | |
| Lok Sabha | |
| Independence from the United Kingdom | |
| • Dominion | 15 August 1947 |
| • Republic | 26 January 1950 |
| • Last polity admitted | 16 May 1975 |
| Area | |
• Total | 3,287,263[2] km2(1,269,219 sq mi)[h](7th) |
• Water (%) | 9.6 |
| Population | |
• 2023 estimate |  1,425,775,850[17](1st) |
• 2011 census | 1,210,854,977[18][19](2nd) |
• Density | 420.0/km2(1,087.8/sq mi) (30th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total |  $13.033 trillion[20](3rd) |
• Per capita | $9,073[20] (127th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $3.737 trillion[20] (5th) |
• Per capita | $2,601[20] (138th) |
| Gini (2011) | 35.7[21][22] medium |
| HDI (2021) | 0.633[23] medium · 132nd |
| Currency | Indian rupee (₹) (INR) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| DST is not observed | |
| Date format |
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| Driving side | left[24] |
| Calling code | +91 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN |
| Internet TLD | .in (others) |
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